Eco-labeling has caused some concerns about international trade, particularly between developed and developing countries, owing to the incorporation of non-product-related process and production methods (PPMs) into eco-labeling criteria. Most countries prefer inclusion of non-product-related...

Cogeneration has been gaining increasing importance in the provision of electric power. When a utility purchases electricity produced by independent cogenerators and resells it to consumers, the question of whether or not a certain payment schedule of purchased power is "just and reasonable"...

This study analyzes how power balance in a vertical channel affects equilibrium channel structure and channel members' profits in an oligopolistic gasoline market. Using a game theoretic analysis, we study an equilibrium channel structure under different power balance scenarios. We show that...

Like other oil-importing countries, the Republic of Korea was surprised by the rapid oil price escalation of the 1970s. Following the lead of the United States, Europe, and Japan, Korea's energy policy in the mid-1970s was based on reducing oil imports by substituting other fuels, installing...

The present study investigates the effects of piracy on the quality decisions of a firm that produces two versions of an information good: that is, one version for a consumer with a high willingness to pay and a second version for a consumer with a low willingness to pay. On the assumption that...