We present a simple model linking infection risk from imports to a tariff. The risk causes the exporter of the infected product to face a higher tariff than would otherwise be the case. A numerical example is developed for U.S. beef imports from nations with Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD). The...

The U.S. lamb meat industry received protection from import competition in 1999 with a tariff-rate quota. This paper analyzes proposed and adopted policies using a partial equilibrium model of lamb meat and lambs incorporating imperfect competition in the packing industry. Under a tariff policy...

Reductions of trade barriers and re-instrumentation of policy has led to a situation where nations believe that their pursuit of amenities tied to agriculture, multifunctionality, is jeopardised. Conflicting views of multifunctionality creates difficulties in trade talks. This paper examines the...