In this paper, we analyse the gap between present transport prices and efficient transport prices. Efficient transport prices are those prices that maximise economic welfare, including external costs (congestion, air pollution, accidents). The methodology is applied to six urban and...

The purpose of this paper is to study welfare-optimal pricing of passenger and freight transport services in a federation. The prevalence of international transport flows in small open economies creates opportunities for tax competition and tax exporting. The latter strongly depend on the...