This paper derives estimates of the revenue costs of lifetime capital gains exemptions. Since the exemptions provided a significant stimulus to realizations of capital gains for both shares and real estate, previously published 'tax expenditure' estimates overstate the revenue cost of these...

Following the work of Ray Fair (1979), expectations terms in the FOCUS model are generated using predicted values from the model itself. Expectations are therefore "consistent" with the model struct ured. Government expenditure multipliers are compared for the standar d model and the CE version....

In recent decades the American economy has experienced the worst peace-time inflation in its history and the highest unemployment rate since the Great Depression. These circumstances have prompted renewed interest in the concept of business cycles, which Joseph Schumpeter suggested are "like the...