-monotonically with parental income, and that children of parents in the top ventile of the income distribution have higher rates of low … birth weight and preterm birth than those in the bottom ventile. However, unlike birth outcomes, infant mortality varies … between income and maternal mortality. At the same time, these disparities by parental income are small when compared to …

with birth order, since mothers near or beyond their desired total fertility are more likely to make use of the …"Medical research indicates that breastfeeding suppresses post-natal fertility. We model the implications for … contraceptive properties of nursing. Second, given a preference for having sons, mothers with no or few sons want to conceive again …