In developing countries, rising incomes, increased demand for more skilled labor, and government investments of considerable resources on building and equipping schools and paying teachers have contributed to global convergence in enrollment rates and completed years of schooling. Nevertheless,...

Improvements in empirical research standards for credible identification of the causal impact of education policies on education outcomes have led to a significant increase in the body of evidence available on improving education outcomes in developing countries. This chapter aims to synthesize...

Setting the stage : governance in complex systems. Modern governance challenges in education -- Complexity theory and systemic change in education governance -- Hierarchies, networks and improvisation in education governance -- Accountability. Exploring accountability : national testing policies...