context of a recently introduced fertility promotion benefit in Poland. The paper is based on an adapted version of the … the lowest quintile. Vouchers for private childcare have been adopted by some municipalities in Poland to counter unmet …

correlation is only present among women with less education or who were younger at first marriage. These results are consistent … entering the labor force as a husband seeks to counteract her increased bargaining power. By contrast, husbands of women who … inconsistent with the implications of a reverse causality model in which women enter the labor force to escape violent situations …