The European Union (EU) is one of the few jurisdictions in the world that has introduced specific legal provisions for controlling state aid. The treaty provisions are structured in such a way that the Commission is in principle obliged to authorize every single grant of aid. This has proved to...

This book contains a spectrum of empirical models of fiscal policy from acknowledged experts from a wide range of different developed countries. There is a stress on the importance of tax policy on corporate and consumer behaviour

In recent decades, Community institutions have promoted most of the pro-competitive reforms in continental Europe. Liberalizations originating at the national level were seldom successful because they were blocked by arguments based on often fictitious general interest considerations (stability,...

Abuse of dominance is the area where the divergence between U.S. and EC antitrust enforcement practices is still very significant. In particular, in the European Community, the identification of price abuses is mostly based on the abstract ability to exclude, while in the United States, the...

There are many philosophies of antitrust enforcement in the world, but in recent years we are witnessing greater and greater convergence.

The original concept of vertical integration can be applied only to the analysis of the relationship between final demand and gross output, but is unsuitable for most of supply-oriented studies, where what matters are the interindustry relations. For example, vertical integration of an...