Post-covid inflation was predominantly driven by unexpectedly strong demand forces, not only in the United States, but … inflation near its 2-percent target---would have severely hampered an already anaemic recovery …

inflation at different time horizons or frequency bands. The ECB has publicly supported this understanding of the framework …. This paper presents further evidence on the behaviour of euro area inflation using band spectrum regressions, which allow … frequency domain. The main finding is that variations in inflation are well explained by low-frequency movements of money and …

inflation, building on our earlier work for the United States. Globally, as in the United States, pandemic-era inflation was due … bank inflation targets. As the effects of supply shocks have subsided, tight labor markets, and the rises in nominal wages …, have become relatively more important sources of inflation in many countries. In several countries, including the United …

This paper constructs a broad measure of financial conditions for the United States, Japan, the Euro Area and the …