"The analytical challenge in such constantly shifting environments, explained Friedrich Hayek in his 1974 Nobel acceptance speech, is to understand an economy as an 'organized complexity.' Although the term 'complex systems' wasn't yet well established, Hayek recognized structures of 'essential...

"The subject of apprenticeship, one of the more enduring of all economic arrangements, has received more attention from economic historians and the economics profession at large in recent years. Yet, compared, say, with issues such as the economics of slave labor or the rise of formal human...