The purpose of this paper is to assess the existing studies on the economics of using forests as a means of mitigating …

projects. To reduce emissions efficiently requires equalizing the marginal costs of reduction between countries. The apparently … large differentials between the costs of reducing emissions in industrial and developing countries implies a great potential … for lowering the costs of reducing emissions by focusing on projects in developing countries. Most proposals for joint …

markets have become an important new source of financing for mitigation projects and programmes. Yet to date, the … participation of urban authorities and of urban mitigation projects in the global carbon market remains extremely limited. The under …-representation of urban carbon projects can be linked both to the difficulties to implement urban mitigation projects and to the …