The kinetics as well as the equilibrium segregation profiles of very low concentrations of Sn (0.14 at.%) and Sb (0.12 at.%) in a polycrystalline Cu sample were measured by Auger electron spectroscopy. These profiles were compared to those from a Cu(100), Sb, Sn ternary single crystal which was...

A set of AlN films were deposited by reactive direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering. Films were analyzed with X-ray diffraction and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). There is a correlation between deposition parameters and crystal growth. Depending on the deposition parameters, films can...

The acid hydrothermal conversion of a non-food dedicated feedstock – giant reed (Arundo donax L.) – to levulinic acid (LA) was investigated. LA is a versatile intermediate for the production of biofuels and bio-based chemicals. LA was subsequently hydrogenated to γ-valerolactone (GVL), a...

Thin films of Al2O3 were prepared by the sol–gel process. Dip-coating technique was used for deposition of the Al2O3 thin films onto glass substrates. Optical and structural properties of the films were investigated with respect to the annealing temperature (100–500°C). The structure of...

Rear-side passivated solar cells are one of the next-generation concepts for industrial mass production lines. Our production line has achieved greater than 19% for a commercial-grade with a homogeneous POCl3 emitter. In this study we investigated an industrial passivated emitter and rear cell...