The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the impact of the Intergovernmental transfer (Balance Fund) and Local Own Revenue to the local government expenditure as well as to know the occurrence of flypaper effect phenomenon in the relationship between those variables. This study is...

This paper analyzes the impact of the Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP) on rural labor migration in China. We use recent survey data from Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and a difference-in-difference approach to assess the impact of the policy on labor migration decision. We find a...

This paper proposes a ranking of the countries where forest carbon sequestration is the most cost-efficient among 166 countries for which data are available. Taking into account the main cost factors leads to a more nuanced ranking of the countries to be favoured for cost-efficient forest carbon...

Der vorliegende Arbeitsbericht baut auf die Reformdebatte zur künftigen Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik (GAP) der EU mit Stand von Ende September 2013 (Ergebnisse des Trilogs zwischen EUKommission, Parlament und Rat) auf und nimmt die Integration von Klimaschutz und Klimaanpassung in die Agrarpolitik...

La réduction des émissions liées à la déforestation et à la dégradation des forêts (REDD) dans les pays en développement est un nouveau mécanisme financier proposé pour le régime climatique post-2012 sous l'égide de la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements...

This report examines how biodiversity co-benefits in REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) can be enhanced, both at the design and implementation level. It discusses potential biodiversity implications of different REDD design options that have been put forward in...

This document examines Finland’s policy on natural and environmental resource management. In many fields, progress has been made and pollution curbed. However, there is still room for improvement with regard to cost-effectiveness. Economic evaluation of the measures planned in various fields...

It is likely that a diverse range of nationally-determined mitigation contributions will be communicated by Parties under the 2015 climate change agreement. An effective post-2020 accounting framework to understand and track implementation of these mitigation contributions will therefore need to...

Mitigation pledges put forward by countries under the UNFCCC process are "made to measure" in that they are tailored to fit each country's individual circumstances. However, the pledges also need to be made to be measured so that we have a full understanding of how the various commitments add up...

The need for a global agreement to the problem of tropical deforestation has led to the REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation) scheme, which proposes that the developed countries pay developing countries for CO₂ emissions saved through avoided deforestation and forest...