research on gender inequality in access to self-employment, the gender gap in pensions, and the emerging topic of a gender gap …

1950s/early 1960s greatly expanded the research on education and income and shifted the focus to wages. The human capital …This chapter discusses the large literature and numerous issues regarding education-related differences in income in … estimating the returns to education and experience. Recent analyses of education and wages have built on this foundation and have …

, the latter notably through the successful “Bolsa Familia” programme. Among public services, improved access to education … interventions such as expanding early-childhood education, by reducing grade-repetition and through more tailored support for those …'agissant des services publics, l'amélioration de l'accès à l'éducation a joué un rôle majeur, en permettant à davantage de …