The need to lay off redundant employees emerged as an important policy issue in urban China in the 1990s. The degree of over-manning can be estimated by comparing estimates of the marginal product of labor with estimates of the full wage, including bonuses, subsidies, and non-cash benefits. We...

Large productivity gains have been observed in Chinese agriculture following the transition from collective farming to household contracting. Using a model of mutual monitoring in an egalitarian production team, the authors estimate that labor supervision absorbed about 10-20 percent of total...

We examine the relationship between gender wage differentials and occupational segregation in small and medium-sized science and technology (S&T) firms in Beijing and Wuhan, using ethnographic material in addition to survey data from 202 firms. Although we find little evidence of overt...

This article examines the impact of village-sponsored infrastructural investment and social services on the productivity of Chinese farm households, using detailed farm-level data for the period 1986-90. The main findings are that the public facilities and services provided by village...

The aging of the population and the dramatic increase in women's labor force participation have made eldercare and women's labor market outcomes a subject of considerable policy importance not just in industrialized countries but also in transition and developing countries. This study examines...

China’s transition from a centrally planned to a market economy has substantially eroded governmental support for child care, raising the concern about how the change of child care provision may affect women’s labor market participation. This article examines the impact of child care...

This article analyzes the socioeconomic characteristics of the financially excluded in Canada using the 1999 Statistics Canada Survey of Financial Security and two surveys sponsored by the Financial Consumer Agency of Canada in 2001 and 2005. The authors find that financial exclusion is more...