[eng] Beliefs' heterogeneity, risk premium and volatility . This article analyses introducing of subjective and heterogeneous beliefs in traditional equilibrium model. The authors assume heterogeneous beliefs and answer the questions : 1 - is there a consensual belief which implies same...

If a pricing kernel assigns a premium to a risk variable that differs from the one assigned by the minimum-variance admissible kernel, then the pricing kernel must exhibit more variability than the minimum-variance kernel. Based on this intuition, the authors derive a variance bound that is more...