This paper illustrates the extent and the cost of nontariff barriers to international trade. It proposes one possible scheme for removing some of them-negotiations between developing and industrial c ountries organized along the "principal supplier" lines used in GATT tariff negotiations prior...

This paper analyzes the effects of an expected future voluntary export restraint on the level of firms' current exports to a market. The traditional result that current exports increase is shown to depend on the degree of collusion in the exporting industry and the anticipated restrictiveness of...

Many commentators purport to use the Kemp-Wan (1976) theorem to discuss the effects of regional integration schemes on nonmember countries and to operationalize the theorem in terms of the share of member countries' imports coming from nonmembers. The author shows that Kemp and Wan say nothing...

At the Davos forum of January 2014, a group of 14 countries pledged to launch negotiations on liberalizing trade in "green goods" (also known as "environmental" goods), focusing on the elimination of tariffs for an Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation list of 54 products. The paper shows that the...

This paper surveys the state of knowledge about the trade-related environmental consequences of a country's development strategy along three channels: (i) direct trade-environment linkages (overexploitation of natural resources and trade-related transport costs); (ii) 'virtual trade' in...