This Paper analyses the issues raised by EMU for the relationships between the Euro area and the international financial system. The depreciation of the Euro exchange rate since the beginning of EMU has attracted most attention. The Paper argues that theory and the data support none of the...

This paper analyzes bond and stock markets in Latin America and uses these patterns to investigate whether contagion occurred in the 1990's. It defines shift-contagion' as a significant increase in cross-market linkages after a shock to one country or region. Several coin-toss examples and a...

Answering the round table participants, the author illustrates the project of this book and its main findings. While the book implies a focus on social policy, the contributors have brought to it their expertise not only in welfare economics but also in macroeconomic and monetary policy. This...

This paper proposes a concept of a global currency and introduces a "global currency pricing" specification into a standard N-country open economy macroeconomic model. A global currency is defined as a virtual unit of account that is exclusively used for international trade invoicing and is...

The rise of the Digital Economy has the potential to reshape international financial markets and the role of traditional reserve assets such as the US dollar. While the creation of Stablecoins may increase the demand for safe dollar-denominated instruments due to reserve backing requirements,...

We quantify the macroeconomic effects of the tariff measures announced (but not entirely implemented yet) on Liberation Day (April 2nd, 2025) through the lens of a New-Keynesian two-country model calibrated to the US and the rest of the world. We study both a unilateral 10pp tariff increase and...

This note addresses whether and when a trade war that imposes balanced trade (or even zero trade) can be consistent with initial non-zero net foreign asset positions. Using a bilateral trade model, we exploit insights from the classic literature on the Transfer Problem to characterize when gross...

This Paper computes welfare maximizing Taylor-style interest rate rules, in a business cycle model of a small open economy. The model assumes staggered price setting and shocks to domestic productivity, to the world interest rate, to world inflation and to the uncovered interest rate parity...

This paper uses a dynamic optimization model to estimate the welfare gains of hedging against commodity price risk for commodity-exporting countries. We show that the introduction of hedging instruments such as futures and options enhances domestic welfare through two channels. First, by...