In this paper we advocate a way of approaching macroeconomic policy, which stands in contrast to the now discredited 'new consensus in macroeconomics' policy framework. The five pillars of our approach are: the need for budget deficits to support the level of aggregate demand; full consideration...

Abstract The worldwide growth slowdown after 1975 was a major negative fiscal shock; lower growth lowers the present value of tax revenues and primary surpluses and thus makes a given level of debt more burdensome. Most countries failed to adjust to the negative fiscal consequences of the growth...

For the past seven years, the state spent more from the General Fund than its tax structure generated. To help cover the difference, the state borrowed from institutional investors. Should Californians be concerned? More broadly, how does debt fit into the annual budget debate? Evaluation of...

This paper presents a thorough empirical analysis of fiscal developments in Lebanon over the past three decades. After an evaluation of major fiscal and monetary developments, the paper uses the Present Value Constraint framework to analyze whether debt and deficits are sustainable. Unit root...