Theoretical arguments imply that an inverted U-shaped relationship may be quite plausible. It is still not clear from the empirical literature whether the relationship of income and environmental degradation is linear or inverted U-shaped. This paper utilises a more global representative sample,...

This paper presents a new relaxation technique to globally optimize mixed-integer polynomial programming problems that arise in many engineering and management contexts. Using a bilinear term as the basic building block, the underlying idea involves the discretization of one of the variables up...

Abstract Prior to implementation of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA), many estimates of the marginal cost of SO2 abatement were provided to guide policy makers. Numerous studies estimated the marginal cost of abatement to be between $250 and $760 per ton, though permits initially traded...