distinguish between productivity gains arising from lower tariffs on final goods relative to those on intermediate inputs. Lower … output tariffs can produce productivity gains by inducing tougher import competition whereas cheaper imported inputs can … tariffs. A 10 percentage point fall in output tariffs increases productivity by about 1%, whereas an equivalent fall in input …

results suggest that for a 10 percentage point decline in input tariffs, firms in the state at the 75th percentile of judicial …-selection of firms into states with high judicial efficiency and an IV approach to instrument input tariffs. In addition, the …

Do tariffs inhibit trade flows by limiting the entry of exporters (‘firm extensive margin’) or by restricting the … in tariffs promoted during the 90s by the Uruguay Round multilateral trade agreement affected the trade margins of French …-varying tariffs as a measure of variable trade costs. Our results show that the number of firms exporting in a given sector to a given …

tariffs on the volume and composition of trade. We find that distance, common language, common border and regional trade … policies based on tariffs on imported goods not only generate negative spillovers to trading partners by reducing their exports …, but they are also likely to reduce exports of countries that impose the tariffs, in particular in industries that rely …

extent from the inability to precisely measure the various forms of nontariff barriers that have replaced tariffs as the …