The COVID-19 pandemic drew new attention to the role of school boards in the U.S. In this paper, we examine school districts' choices of learning modality--whether and when to offer in-person, virtual, or hybrid instruction--over the course of the 2020-21 pandemic school year. The analysis takes...

Birleşik Krallık'ta Mayıs 2010 genel seçimleri ile iktidara gelen koalisyon hükümetinin ilk icraatı mali krizi aşabilmek için kamu harcamalarında önemli oranda kesintiye gideceğini açıklamak oldu. Zira, Birleşik Krallık, bir taraftan hızla artmakta olan kamu borçları ile...

Taxes and cash transfers reduce income inequality more in France than elsewhere in the OECD, because of the large size of the flows involved. But the system is complex overall. Its effectiveness could be enhanced in many ways, for example so as to achieve the same amount of redistribution at...

This paper reviews the use of tax preferences to achieve environmental policy objectives. Tax preferences involve using the tax system to adjust relative prices with a view to influencing producer or consumer behaviour in favour of goods or services that are considered to be environmentally...

This paper builds upon a recent OECD paper on the personal tax treatment of company cars and commuting expenses in OECD member-countries and aims to arrive at a better understanding of the environmental and related social costs of the tax treatment described therein. The paper begins with an...

Der Abbau der kalten Progression wird aktuell wieder diskutiert. An einigen Eckwerten des Einkommensteuertarifs lässt sich zeigen, dass die tatsächliche Entwicklung deutlich von den zum Ausgleich der Inflation erforderlichen Tarifänderungen abweicht. Die Autoren berechnen die Mindereinnahmen...

Malaysia has sustained over four decades of rapid, inclusive growth, reducing its dependence on agriculture and commodity exports to become a more diversified, modern and open economy. GDP per capita is now higher than in a number of OECD economies, while poverty and income inequality have...

This paper reviews the key issues concerning the impact of public spending and taxation on long-run growth and inequality and takes stock of existing theoretical and empirical studies. Overall, the evidence highlights that the size of the government matters for long-term growth as a too large...

Les impôts et les transferts en espèces réduisent en France les inégalités de revenu plus que dans beaucoup d’autres pays de l’OCDE en raison de la taille importante des flux concernés. Mais le système est complexe dans son ensemble. Son efficacité pourrait être améliorée à bien...