Previous research indicates that the maximum likelihood estimates of Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models on foreign exchange rates, under various distributional assumptions, are sensitive to the presence of outliers. The advantage of the proposed Bounded...

This paper examines the relationship among daily information flow, return volatility, and bid-ask spreads based on the framework of the mixture of distribution hypothesis (MDH). The MDH model is modified to permit separate effects of informed and liquidity trading volume on return volatility....