Purpose: Many studies on witch killings in Africa suggest that “witchcraft is the dark side of kinship.” But in Chinese history, where patriarchal clan system has been emphasized as the foundation of the society, there have been few occurrences of witch-hunting except a large-scale one in...

Purpose: International research has found that Homeowners Association (HOA) is capitalized in housing price in the West. Is that result applicable in Chinese cities? In China there is also widespread applause for HOA. Will that leave trail in the housing market? This paper aims to answer these...

Urban--rural link (URL), a popular land use policy among Chinese local governments, allows urban development of the same or a smaller area than peasants' house sites that are converted back into farmland. It is often regarded as a form of transfer of development rights (TDR). Based on detailed...

Private communities in Chinese cities are under various constraints from the government. The <italic>ex ante</italic> constraints set limits on how the homeowners association (HOA) can be designed and set up. The <italic>ex post</italic> constraints affect the operation of the HOA. It is argued that these constraints reduce the...