The Fama–French pricing model with dynamic factors (DFPM) extracted via the Kalman filter from the six size and book-to-market portfolios has a good performance in understanding stock returns. Using international stock market data, we find that the DFPM significantly improves the...

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate factors that contribute to technology firms paying higher compensation than non-technology firms, and why the mix of compensation at technology firms is different than the compensation packages at non-technology firms....

The dynamic betas for ten Canadian sector portfolios using the Kalman filter approach are estimated herein and are found to be best described by a mix of the random walk (trend) and mean-reverting (cycle) processes. The relative importance of the trend and cycle components of sector betas is...