We use input-output tables to estimate the import content (IC) of exports for several European countries, interpreting it as a measure of internationalisation. Between 1995 and 2000 the IC grew everywhere but in France; the transport equipment sector emerges as the most internationalised one....

The paper evaluates the extent of production internationalisation in Italy and Germany from 1995 to 2007. The analysis is based on a broad set of international outsourcing indicators to which we have added a new indicator to take account also of the import content of domestic inputs: the direct...

This paper identifies a credit-supply contraction that arises endogenously after trade liberalization. Banks with loan portfolios concentrated in sectors exposed to competition from China face an increase in non-performing loans after China's entry into the World Trade Organization. As a result,...

We study how a demand shock in an export market propagates to the exporting country's banking system. Using the dual shocks of sanctions and falling oil prices suffered by Russia in 2014, we investigate the effects on Italian firms and banks more exposed to the Russian market. This event implied...