This paper contributes to the literature on monetary policy responses in emerging economies to international financial crises. Such an issue is especially relevant for these countries insofar as they tend to be more unstable than developed countries. In addition, they suffer from larger...

The global economic crisis confronted emerging European countries with abrupt external shocks, while adjustment mechanisms differed according to exchange rate regimes. ‘Fixers’ were forced to accept internal devaluation, while ‘floaters’ used the exchange rate as a shock absorber....

<title>Abstract</title>The aim of this paper is to determine whether, and to what extent, the migrations from the EU-8+2 to the EU-15 were motivated by differences in earnings and productivity and to what extent by differences in welfare state generosity during the period of the transitional arrangements. On...

The European welfare regimes face two sets of challenges. One internal, specific for the welfare state itself, and the other external, imposed by changing economic, political and economics conditions. The first challenge lies in the growing gap between the rigid welfare state design and flexible...