Contents: 1. Introduction: Decentralization and parties -- 2: Building the theory: Majoritarian electoral systems and party integration -- 3: Building the theory: Majoritarian electoral systems and non-integrated parties -- 4: Building the theory: Proportional representation and closed party...

The benefits associated with mortality risk reductions are a critical input for the benefit-cost analysis of economically significant federal regulations that affect health and safety. The dominant method of estimating the benefits of reducing mortality risks relies on labor markets to estimate...

This study attempted to examine the economic efficiency of the sulfur dioxide (SO<Subscript>2</Subscript>) emissions control policy in Japan using a cost-benefit analysis (CBA). The SO<Subscript>2</Subscript> emissions control policy is divided into three stages by epochal policy decisions. Reducing the incidence of chronic bronchitis and...</subscript></subscript>

An empirical Bayes pooling method is used to combine and compare estimates of the value of a statistical life (VSL). The data come from 40 selected studies published between 1974 and 2002, containing 197 VSL estimates. The estimated composite distribution of empirical Bayes adjusted VSL has a...

While the mortality impacts of urban air pollution have been well addressed in the literature, very little is known about the mortality impacts and associated social cost from wildfire-smoke exposure (Kochi et al., 2010; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2004). In an attempt to address this...