A model of a production externality between two industries facing price uncertainty is specified and a Pigouvian tax introduced and solved using First-Order Conditions (FOC). This solution is then used as a baseline for comparison with results for the level of tax found using an Evolutionary...

In this article, background research for potential policies to contain avian influenza (AI) in Southeast Asia is provided. The author discusses (a) factors influencing spread of AI in Indonesia, (b) ways animal health institutions in Indonesia work, (c) risk associated with AI, and (d) a...

This article evaluates a hybrid seed contract between Indonesian smallholders and Pioneer Hybrid International. A transaction cost approach was used to analyse contract participation, total farm gross margins and labour and chemical use. The empirical results suggest: (a) the contract favours...