oil, gasoline, heating oil, coal, natural gas, uranium and ethanol futures prices. This implies that the US major energy … source markets are not integrated as one primary energy market. Our tests also reveal that uranium and ethanol futures prices …

differenced unemployment rate, to isolate three 'structural' shocks which drove business cycle fluctuations in Spain during 1970 …-94. These shocks are interpreted as aggregate demand, labour demand and labour supply disturbances in a framework where there is …

ascertain which shocks and what propagation mechanism underlie the functioning of the labour markets in both countries. Our … evidence, we find that, although shocks hitting both economies since the beginning of the eighties were not too dissimilar …