many characteristics of the pension system leave many elderly in poverty. Only formal-sector employees earning more than … aged people who have not contributed enough to be entitled to a pension. Moreover, the coverage of the old-age minimum … income support has been extended but at the cost of lowering the already modest benefits. More reforms in the pension system …

In recent decades, many states have reduced future retirement benefits for newly hired teachers. We estimate that in … 2020 the average initial monthly retirement benefit, for teachers retiring with 30 years of service, is 11.2 percent lower … included in Social Security, have made smaller reductions in the generosity of their pension benefits in recent decades …

minimum pension program is a key welfare program and a major influence on the retirement decisions of low-income workers and …The main purpose of minimum pension benefit programs and old-age social assistance programs is to guarantee a minimum … standard of living after retirement and thus to alleviate poverty in old age. In many developing and developed countries, the …

return on risky investments. The model also incorporates endogenous retirement and a realistic social security system … of an aging population (extending the age of retirement or cutting social security benefits) have similar magnitudes and …

South Africa has an incomplete social protection system without a mandatory pension savings scheme. Designing a … universal insurance pension system would allow to reduce the important government funded pension grant system and ensure that … the old-age population has decent income. Only 40% of employees are contributing to a form of saving-retirement scheme …

When the challenges of population aging are being debated, the uncertain future of pension systems is a topic of high … pension systems and population aging which defines the fundamental accounting restrictions which population aging imposes on … individual behavior and policy actions. We also provide a brief survey of pension systems in the real world. We then take a …

retirement age, government provided social security can attenuate responses of career lengths to earnings profile slopes …