Recently, many commodity groups have shifted promotion expenditures from generic advertising to non-advertising activities such as in-store promotion programs. Accordingly, corresponding evaluation methods need to be developed to identify the benefits of these non-advertising programs. We...

This study provides a theoretical background for the firm-level analysis on the distributional effects of commodity promotion programs. The conceptual basis of this approach is that firms differ due to differences in possessing endowments of fixed factors, and net returns to firms can be viewed...

This study develops an empirical framework to estimate quality-adjusted price elasticities from cross-sectional data. The new approach shows the importance of properly adjusting for quality variation in both prices and quantities in demand analysis. When quality adjustment is concerned only with...