In many non-market valuation settings stakeholders will be uncertain as to their exact willingness-to-pay for a proposed environmental amenity. It then makes sense for the analyst to treat this value as a random variable with distribution only known to the respondent. In stated preference...

This article considers optimal livestock management on sagebrush rangeland in the presence of invasive plants, wildfire, and reversible and irreversible ecological thresholds. We find that ranchers operating on healthy rangeland have sufficient private incentive to maintain rangeland health,...