Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to overcome evaluative limitations of previous studies to provide a more decisive test of the causal relationships implied in the Baldrige Criteria for Performance Excellence (CPE) using a unique data source. Design/methodology/approach: The authors employ...

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to investigate follow‐up as a salient factor in achieving results from organizational self‐assessment. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 14 organizations involved in self‐assessment. Qualitative methods were used to analyze the...

Self‐assessment is increasingly prevalent in many organizations. Although managers perceive self‐assessment as internally driven, the well‐known link between organizational activities and the external environment suggests that outside forces play a significant role. This investigation...

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to compare and integrate leader-member exchange (LMX) and leader identification (LID) as concurrently functioning mediators between three leadership styles (individual-focused transformational, contingent reward, and benevolent paternalistic) and two...