Short-run fluctuations in the growth of real output are an important concern of policymakers in developing countries. And yet, in spite of the considerable amount of attention that this subject has received in the context of industrial countries during the past fifty years, surprisingly little...

The speed at which the inflation rate adjusts to a reduction in nominal aggregate demand is the central issue in the ongoing debate over the cost of disinflation. Any reduction in the growth of nominal aggregate demand must be divided between a decline in the rate of inflation and a decline in...