Few topics in the life sciences today provoke as much debate as the availability of patent protection on "genetic … inventions". Some hold that protection is essential to encourage innovation and development of new products. Others argue that … that despite sometimes controversial licensing practices the patent system has broadly achieved what is intended. The …

This chapter summarizes the basic characteristics of patent data as an innovation indicator and reviews some of the … recent research using patent data, focusing on major developments since Griliches in 1990 [Griliches, Z. (1990). “Patent … availability of patent data on an increasingly global scale and the accompanying global spread of research using patent data. The …

We present a selective survey of the economic theory of intellectual property rights. After a brief description of the … intellectual property right design. We derive conclusions in the simplest, one-time innovation, case then investigate how these … optimal procurement of innovation are considered. Finally, we sketch enforcement and competition policy issues. …