estimated based on a consumption survey reporting on poverty and a census providing the spatial disaggregation. This paper … presents a new method which allows for the estimation of up-to-date small area poverty maps when only a dated census and a more … constructed from the census. The proposed estimator has fewer data requirements and weaker assumptions than common small area …

.S. decennial census data from the late-19th and early-20th centuries. Comparing children coded as "Black" or "Mulatto" by census …

The authors explore unique complete-count data from the 1930 Census in which a respondent's race was assigned by … enumerators and "Mexican" was one of the possible responses. Census enumerators frequently and selectively assigned a non …'s socioeconomic attainment. The propensity for Census enumerators to identify Mexican Americans as white varied enormously across U …