By using a vector autoregression (VAR) model, this paper examines the relationship between openness and environmental degradation in China. The empirical results suggest that, during 1981--2008, the long-run equilibrium relation between China's foreign trade, foreign direct investment (FDI) and...

Concerns about the equity and efficiency of current allocation principles related to responsibility for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have been presented in the recent literature. The objective of this paper is to design a calculation framework for shared responsibility from the perspective of...