Using the longest history of a U.S. equity market index, this paper simulates the return deviation and multiple deviation for Leveraged Exchange-Traded Products (LETPs) with different rebalancing frequencies, including daily, monthly, annually, and every five years, over various holding periods....

This study examines the tracking performance of U.S.-traded International Leveraged Exchanged-traded Funds (ILETFs) that track the following markets: Brazil, China, Europe, Japan, and Mexico. We find that the beta and returns of these ILETFs can deviate dramatically from their naïve expected...