type="main" xml:id="twec12076-abs-0001" <title type="main">Abstract</title> <p>This paper investigates the two-way relationship between deep integration and production networks trade. We capture deep integration with a set of indices constructed in terms of policy areas covered in preferential trade agreements. We estimate...</p>

With further declines in international assistance expected over the coming years, the government of Afghanistan faces a new challenge of enabling new growth drivers. One such driver is trade. Decades of civil war and military occupation that culminated in the fall of the Taliban in 2001, have...

Evidence suggests that Pakistan has the potential for much faster and more diversified economic growth. Energizing trade can help Pakistan to realize its growth potential. Pakistan's inward-oriented trade policies have had the effect of stalling Pakistan's integration into regional and global...

This paper examines the effects of transit, documentation, and ports and customs delays on Africa’s exports. The authors find that transit delays have the most economically and statically significant effect on exports. A one-day reduction in inland travel times leads to a 7 percent increase in...