We analyze the relationship between offshoring and the onshore workforce composition in German multinational … enterprises (MNEs), using plant data that allow us to discern tasks, occupations, and workforce skills. Offshoring is associated … the occupational composition. Offshoring to low-income countries—with the exception of Central and Eastern European …

We analyze the relationship between offshoring and the onshore workforce composition in German multinational … enterprises (MNEs), using plant data that allow us to discern tasks, occupations, and workforce skills. Offshoring is associated … not alter the direction of the relationship. We find offshoring to predict between 10 and 15 percent of observed changes …

by incorporating production offshoring into a North-South model of directed technical change. We find that intellectual … property rights (IPRs) and offshoring are different ways for the labor endowment of the South to affect the size of the market … for innovations in the North. Absent offshoring and lacking IPRs in the South - as in China in the early 1980s - an …