Quality of and access to medical care are strongly related to the medical basket, the set of services covered under the national health insurance system. Various health systems offer institutional solutions to cover services that are not included in the basket in rare cases. In Israel, patients...

Government-industry R&D partnerships can play an important role in advancing the public interest. A widely cited example is the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV). It was launched in 1993 by the Clinton Administration and three US automakers, with the goal of advancing the...

The California Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) rule, adopted in 1990, is arguably one of the most daring and controversial air quality policies ever adopted. Some consider it a policy failure, while others credit it with launching a revolution in clean automotive technology. This paper is the first...

Over 3 million Chinese Rural Vehicles (CRVs) were produced in China in 2002, three times that of conventional passenger cars. Yet these smaller, simpler, indigenous vehicles are virtually unknown outside China. The CRV industry is unusual in that it evolved largely outside the control of...

A solution to growing petroleum imports and continuing urban air-pollution problems is the use of clean-burning nonpetroleum fuels in motor vehicles. Methanol is widely viewed as the most attractive candidate for transportation fuel of the future. We examine how methanol gained this preeminent...

A generalized framework is presented for analyzing the relative attractiveness of biomass fuel production investments on a disaggregate level, using a systems approach to integrate sitespecific considerations. A model based on this approach may be used to site and size prospective biomass fuel...