We study the survival of extreme opinions in various processes of consensus formation. All the opinions are treated equally and subjected to the same rules of changing. We investigate three typical models to reach a consensus in each case: (A) personal influence, (B) influence from surroundings,...

Multiplicity distributions P(n) from one-dimensional (1-d) Ising model with nearest-neighbor (n-n) interactions had been shown to provide a successful and simple description of high-energy multiparticle productions. Here we study the extension to include next-nearest-neighbor (n-n-n)...

We study the congestion on a homogeneous roadway with open boundaries. Three different phases are identified. Both numerical and analytical results are presented. For stationary boundaries, three different flow can be associated with a single density on the fundamental diagram. When the...

We present a mean-field theory for the modified three-state voter model. We obtain analytical results in asymptotic states for a general transition matrix. Numerical simulations can be well described within the proposed formulations. Distributions for both central plateau and boundary layer can...

We propose a simple cellular automaton model to study the traffic dynamics in a roundabout. Both numerical and analytical results are presented. We are able to obtain exact solutions in the full parameter space. Exact phase diagrams are derived. When the traffic from two directions mixed, there...

We present a statistical model for the distribution of Chinese names. Both family names and given names are studied on the same basis. With naive expectation, the distribution of family names can be very different from that of given names. One is affected mostly by genealogy, while the other can...

We study the four-directional traffic flow on a two-dimensional lattice. In the case of discrete densities, we assume equal number of vehicles in each lane. Except for the minimum density, the gridlock emerges swiftly. Two kinds of gridlock have been observed. The global gridlock dominates the...

Wavelet analysis is applied to the study of vehicular fluctuations in highway traffic. The traffic flow on a single lane highway is simulated by the Nagel–Schreckenberg traffic model. Both the usual correlation functions as well as the wavelet-transformed functions are calculated and compared....

The Impact Factor has become a well-known measure of the average citation number of articles published in a scientific journal. A journal with a high Impact Factor is assumed to have a low percentage of uncited articles. We show that the scaling relation between the Impact Factor and the uncited...

We study the effects of tollbooths on the traffic flow. The highway traffic is simulated by the Nagel–Schreckenberg model. Various types of toll collection are examined, which can be characterized either by a waiting time or a reduced speed. A first-order phase transition is observed. The...