Static and discrete time pricing operators for two price economies are reviewed and then generalized to the continuous time setting of an underlying Hunt process. The continuous time operators define nonlinear partial integro–differential equations that are solved numerically for the three...

We study the existence of solutions to backward stochastic differential equations with drivers f(t,W,y,z) that are convex in z. We assume f to be Lipschitz in y and W but do not make growth assumptions with respect to z. We first show the existence of a unique solution (Y,Z) with bounded Z if...

We show that VaR (Value-at-Risk) is not time-consistent and discuss examples where this can lead to dynamically inconsistent behavior. Then we propose two time-consistent alternatives to VaR. The first one is a composition of one-period VaR's. It is time-consistent but not coherent. The second...