There are many stories of democracy but little consensus over which variables robustly determine its emergence and … million regressions. The most robust determinants of the transition to democracy are GDP growth (a negative effect), past … countries are less likely to see democracy emerge, although the latter finding is driven entirely by oil producing Muslim …

Do the services commitments that countries have made in their post-Uruguay Round regional trade agreements (RTAs …) indicate the types of concessions that they would be willing to multilateralise in the General Agreement on Trade in Services … general, and especially the specific commitments and concessions that countries make on trade in services. It examines in …

paralysis of the Doha Round, the proliferation of preferential trade agreement and the launching of mega-regional trade … negotiations have encouraged the debate about the governance of international trade. In contrast to a benign interpretation of the … relationship between ?XXI century regionalism? and the multilateral trade regime, we argue that there is a remarkable continuity …

, they cannot explain the post-1929 increase in trade costs. Protectionism seems the most likely alternative candidate. …

countries. We apply our model of foreign influence to the study of optimal trade policy. We derive a modified formula for the … relative to the influencing country and whenever natural trade barriers between the two countries are small. …

countries. We apply our model of foreign influence to the study of optimal trade policy. We derive a modified formula for the … relative to the influencing country and whenever natural trade barriers between the two countries are small. …

At least since 1750 when Baron de Montesquieu declared “peace is the natural effect of trade,” a number of economists … and political scientists espoused the notion that trade among nations leads to peace. Employing resources more efficiently … comparative advantage leads to gains from trade. If political conflict leads to a diminution of trade, then at least a portion of …

The paper discusses various milestones in the process of multilateral trade negotiations, pinpoints current challenges … the multilateral approach is at least partly because the GATT departed from the strictly unconditional definition of the … hindered, multilateral trade liberalization in the past. The political economy of further multilateral liberalization has …

restrictions, the paper reviews applicable rules and commitments elaborated in GATT/WTO, regional trade agreements and other … compound the effects of restrictive trade policies. This paper explores the issue of transparency with respect to the use of … available. After explaining how transparency is operationalised in the conduct of trade policy and what its benefits are for …