[fre] Résumé . En dépit d'une histoire politique souvent décrite comme à rebours l'une de l'autre, la constitution des bureaucraties d'État au XIXe siècle, en France et en Grande-Bretagne présente de nombreux points de rencontre. Au cours de la période 1870-1914, moment décisif de...

[eng] Abstract The postal service, as well as long-distance communications, emerge as the first historical example of a government-managed enterprise in an industrial society. It is therefore possible to apply to these activities standard measurement procedures as are used for privately-managed,...

Measuring pre-1914 French industrial output is still the subject of much controversy. The present reconstruction exercise, rather than focusing on sectoral growth rates, investigates the composition of the wage bill of the secondary sector as well as the level of return on its fixed capital. The...