This article provides an outline of the development of the English almshouse across the second millennium, and its place within the broader spectrum of social welfare. It discusses the evolution of the almshouse into its modern form, as privately endowed housing dedicated to the elderly poor. It...

Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Lloyd’s: its history and business practices -- Chapter 3: Lloyd’s people: their social composition and political economy -- Chapter 4: Expansion, scandals and frauds – Lloyd’s in the 1970s -- Chapter 5: The first reforms and public scrutiny --...

This article examines the impact of law on corporate governance by means of a case study of joint-stock enterprise in England and Scotland before 1850. Based on a dataset of over 450 company constitutions together with qualitative information on governance practice, it finds little evidence to...