A methodology is developed to determinate the optimal size of PV-hybrid subsystems and to optimize the stand-alone system management. Two particular parameters characterize the back-up engine generator: SDM and SAR, respectively the starting and the stopping thresholds calculated as a part of...

This study evaluated the life-cycle costs and environmental impacts of fuels used in Ghanaian households for cooking. The analysis covered all the common cooking energy sources, namely, firewood, charcoal, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas, electricity and even biogas, whose use is not as...

The aim of this study is to investigate the prospects of wind energy development in the El-Kef governorate, a north-western region of Tunisia. This work falls within the framework of a 15 MW wind farm project, undertaken by the local cement factory in order to cover a part of its energy needs....

One of the most attractive features of hydrogen as an energy carrier is that it can be produced from water. Hydrogen has the highest energy content per unit mass as compared to chemical fuel and can be substituted. Its burning process is non-polluting, and it can be used in the fuel cells to...

This review analyses the growth in small ‘low power’ renewable energy and consumer product technologies and their potential utility in rural and remote economic development. The historical legacy of increasingly industrial-scale and expensive centralised high voltage alternating current (AC)...

This article presents the methodology for calculation of the optimum size of a Photovoltaic (PV) system. Long-term data of PV radiation were used to calculate the average power generated by a PV generator for every hour of a typical day in a month. A load of a typical house in the south of...