This study investigates the effect of per capita income on per capita health expenditures in Turkey over the period 1975–2007 by using ARDL bounds test approach to the cointegration considering both demand and supply side variables. Since we reject the null hypothesis that there is no...

This paper aims to reexamine the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth for 20 OECD countries. To that end, we employ a Granger causality test in the frequency domain which allows us to distinguish short (temporary) and long-run (permanent) causality. The empirical...

In this study, we employ a recently introduced unit root test with a Fourier function that is capable of capturing the unknown nature of structural breaks, to reexamine the stationarity properties of energy consumption per capita of 109 countries over the period 1960–2011. The results of the...

This study considers the issue of income convergence among the MENA (Middle East and North African) countries by using real per capita incomes over the period 1950–2006. We employed (Kapetanios et al. 2003) [21] unit root test by incorporating an additive constant and a trend component as...

This paper investigates the behaviour of interest rates in Turkey using a two-regime TAR model with an autoregressive unit root. This method recently developed by Caner and Hansen [Threshold autoregression with a unit roots, Econometrica 69 (6) (2001) 1555–1596] allows to simultaneously...

The subject of this paper is the examination the convergence of per capita carbon dioxide emissions of the G7 countries during the 1960–2005 period in a nonlinear panel analysis framework. In this approach, first the linearity of the series was tested, and when the linearity was rejected, the...