This paper discusses the underlying relationship between surplus labor and the Lewis turning point in the duration of rapid economic growth in China. An agent-based model was proposed for studying the Lewis turning point and labor resource allocation, in which the decision-making interactions...

In the past several years, labor shortage in China has become an emerging issue. However, there is heated debate on whether China has passed the Lewis turning point and entered a new era of labor shortage from a period of unlimited labor supply. Most empirical studies on this topic focus on the...

This article analyzes a three-sector economy with a significant subsistence sector. Previous studies essentially derived first-best conditions based on an optimal subsidy system where technical efficiency is achieved. In our model, technical efficiency cannot exist from within our system. A...

Indonesia has done remarkably well in the areas of both economic growth and poverty reduction. However, the economic situations differ significantly among Indonesian provinces. Some provinces have already developed well, while the rest have been left behind. The variation in the situations will...